Honda Car Diagnostic Software is an indispensable tool for technicians and car enthusiasts alike, providing comprehensive insights into your vehicle’s health, and CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN offers a variety of options to suit every need. By using advanced scanning tools, users can accurately identify issues, perform necessary repairs, and ensure optimal performance. Diagnostic tools ensure your vehicle runs efficiently and reliably.
1. Understanding Honda Car Diagnostic Software
Honda car diagnostic software is a specialized tool designed to interface with a Honda vehicle’s onboard computer system. This software allows technicians and car owners to read diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), monitor real-time data, perform system tests, and reprogram control modules. Essentially, it’s like having a doctor for your car, providing detailed information about its condition and helping to pinpoint any problems.
- Key Functions of Diagnostic Software:
- Reading and Clearing DTCs: Identifying and erasing error codes that indicate potential issues.
- Real-Time Data Monitoring: Observing live data from sensors and modules to assess performance.
- Actuation Tests: Performing tests on individual components to verify functionality.
- Control Module Reprogramming: Updating software in control modules to improve performance or fix bugs.
- Vehicle Information Access: Retrieving VIN, calibration data, and other vehicle-specific information.
2. Who Benefits from Honda Car Diagnostic Software?
Honda car diagnostic software isn’t just for professional mechanics; it also offers significant advantages for car enthusiasts and DIYers. Here’s a breakdown of the key beneficiaries:
- Professional Technicians: Diagnostic software is a cornerstone of modern auto repair shops. It allows technicians to quickly and accurately diagnose issues, reducing repair times and improving customer satisfaction. According to a 2022 study by the Auto Care Association, shops that utilize advanced diagnostic tools see a 25% increase in efficiency.
- DIY Car Enthusiasts: For those who enjoy working on their own cars, diagnostic software provides valuable insights into their vehicle’s condition. It can help identify problems early on, allowing for timely repairs and preventing more costly damage down the road.
- Used Car Buyers: Before purchasing a used Honda, diagnostic software can be used to check for hidden issues or potential problems. This can save buyers from unexpected repair bills and ensure they’re making an informed decision.
- Fleet Managers: Businesses that operate a fleet of Honda vehicles can use diagnostic software to monitor vehicle health, schedule maintenance, and identify potential issues before they lead to breakdowns. This can help reduce downtime and improve overall fleet efficiency.
3. Essential Features of Honda Car Diagnostic Software
When choosing Honda car diagnostic software, consider the following key features to ensure it meets your needs:
- Comprehensive Coverage: The software should support a wide range of Honda models and years, including both older and newer vehicles.
- User-Friendly Interface: A clear and intuitive interface is essential for ease of use, especially for DIYers who may not have extensive diagnostic experience.
- Accurate and Reliable Data: The software should provide accurate and reliable data to ensure accurate diagnoses and effective repairs.
- Regular Updates: Software updates are crucial for maintaining compatibility with new models and accessing the latest diagnostic information.
- Customer Support: Responsive and helpful customer support can be invaluable when troubleshooting issues or learning how to use the software.
- Advanced Functionality: Look for advanced features such as bi-directional control, module programming, and access to technical service bulletins (TSBs) for more in-depth diagnostics.
- Bi-Directional Control: This allows you to send commands to the vehicle’s computer to test specific components. For example, you could activate the fuel pump or turn on the cooling fan to check if they’re working correctly.
- Module Programming: This advanced feature lets you update or reprogram the software in various control modules, such as the engine control unit (ECU) or transmission control module (TCM).
- Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs): Access to TSBs provides valuable information about known issues and recommended fixes for specific Honda models.
4. Popular Honda Car Diagnostic Software Options
Several reputable Honda car diagnostic software options are available, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Here’s a comparison of some popular choices:
| Software | Coverage | User Interface | Features | Price | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honda Diagnostic System (HDS) | 1992 – Present | Professional | DTC Reading/Clearing, Real-Time Data, Actuation Tests, Module Programming | $840/year | Comprehensive coverage, official Honda software, access to TSBs | Expensive, requires a subscription, complex interface for beginners |
| Autel MaxiSys MS906BT | Wide Range | User-Friendly | DTC Reading/Clearing, Real-Time Data, Bi-Directional Control, Key Fob Programming, Wireless Connectivity | $1,200 – $1,500 | Wide vehicle coverage, easy to use, advanced features like bi-directional control and key fob programming, wireless connectivity | Can be expensive, some features may require additional purchases |
| LAUNCH X431 V+ | Wide Range | User-Friendly | DTC Reading/Clearing, Real-Time Data, Bi-Directional Control, Special Functions, Online Programming | $1,000 – $1,300 | Wide vehicle coverage, user-friendly interface, powerful bi-directional controls, supports online programming for certain modules | Initial setup can be complicated, software updates can be costly |
| BlueDriver Bluetooth Professional OBDII Scan Tool | Limited (OBDII Only) | Mobile App | DTC Reading/Clearing, Real-Time Data, Repair Reports, Bluetooth Connectivity | $120 | Affordable, easy to use with a smartphone app, provides repair reports with potential fixes | Limited to OBDII functions, lacks advanced features like bi-directional control and module programming, requires a smartphone or tablet |
| Foxwell NT510 Elite Honda Scanner | Honda Specific | User-Friendly | DTC Reading/Clearing, Real-Time Data, Actuation Tests, Special Functions | $180 – $220 | Honda-specific coverage, affordable, supports actuation tests and special functions, user-friendly interface | Limited to Honda vehicles, lacks advanced features like module programming |
The Honda Diagnostic System (HDS) software is an essential tool because it allows technicians and car owners to read diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs). It enables a comprehensive understanding of a vehicle’s health by identifying and erasing error codes, which signify potential problems within the car’s systems. This capability is crucial for timely and accurate maintenance, helping to prevent minor issues from escalating into major repairs.
5. How to Choose the Right Software for Your Needs
Selecting the right Honda car diagnostic software depends on your specific needs and budget. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you make the best choice:
- Identify Your Needs:
- Are you a professional technician or a DIY enthusiast? Professional technicians will need more comprehensive software with advanced features, while DIYers may be able to get by with a more basic and affordable option.
- What types of repairs do you typically perform? If you only perform basic maintenance, a simple OBDII scanner may suffice. However, if you tackle more complex repairs, you’ll need software with bi-directional control and module programming capabilities.
- What is your budget? Diagnostic software ranges in price from under $100 to several thousand dollars. Determine how much you’re willing to spend before you start shopping.
- Research Different Options:
- Read reviews: Look for reviews from other users to get an idea of the software’s strengths and weaknesses.
- Compare features: Create a list of the features that are important to you and compare different software options side-by-side.
- Check compatibility: Make sure the software is compatible with your Honda vehicle’s year and model.
- Consider a Trial Version:
- Some software vendors offer trial versions or demos that allow you to test the software before you buy it. This is a great way to see if the software meets your needs and if you find it easy to use.
- Factor in Ongoing Costs:
- Some diagnostic software requires a subscription for updates and support. Be sure to factor these ongoing costs into your budget.
- Read the Fine Print:
- Before you purchase any diagnostic software, carefully read the terms and conditions to understand the limitations of the software and any restrictions on its use.
6. Step-by-Step Guide to Using Honda Car Diagnostic Software
Using Honda car diagnostic software may seem daunting at first, but with a little guidance, it can be a straightforward process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to get you started:
- Connect the Scanner:
- Locate the OBDII port on your Honda vehicle. It’s typically located under the dashboard on the driver’s side.
- Plug the diagnostic scanner into the OBDII port.
- Turn on the Ignition:
- Turn the ignition key to the “ON” position without starting the engine. This will power up the vehicle’s computer system and allow the scanner to communicate with it.
- Launch the Software:
- Turn on your computer or mobile device and launch the diagnostic software.
- Select Your Vehicle:
- Enter your Honda vehicle’s year, make, and model into the software. This will ensure that the software is using the correct diagnostic protocols.
- Run a Scan:
- Select the “Scan” or “Diagnostic” option in the software to begin scanning the vehicle’s computer system for DTCs.
- Interpret the Results:
- Once the scan is complete, the software will display any DTCs that were found. Each code will be accompanied by a description of the potential problem.
- Use the software’s help function or consult a repair manual to learn more about each code and how to troubleshoot it.
- Clear the Codes (Optional):
- If you’ve addressed the underlying issue that caused the DTC, you can use the software to clear the codes. However, be sure to only clear codes after you’ve fixed the problem, as clearing them without fixing the issue will only result in them returning.
- Monitor Real-Time Data:
- Use the software to monitor real-time data from sensors and modules to assess performance and identify any anomalies.
- Perform Actuation Tests (If Applicable):
- If your software supports bi-directional control, you can use it to perform actuation tests on individual components to verify functionality.
7. Common Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) in Honda Vehicles
Understanding common DTCs in Honda vehicles can help you quickly identify potential problems and take appropriate action. Here are some of the most frequently encountered codes:
| DTC | Description | Possible Causes |
|---|---|---|
| P0171 | System Too Lean (Bank 1) | Vacuum leak, faulty MAF sensor, clogged fuel filter, low fuel pressure |
| P0300 | Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected | Faulty spark plugs, ignition coils, fuel injectors, vacuum leaks, low compression |
| P0420 | Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1) | Faulty catalytic converter, exhaust leaks, faulty O2 sensors |
| P0401 | Insufficient EGR Flow | Clogged EGR valve, faulty EGR solenoid, vacuum leaks |
| P0505 | Idle Air Control System Malfunction | Faulty IAC valve, vacuum leaks, throttle body issues |
| P0113 | Intake Air Temperature Sensor Circuit High Input | Faulty IAT sensor, wiring issues |
| P0341 | Camshaft Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance | Faulty camshaft position sensor, timing belt/chain issues |
| P0135 | O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1, Sensor 1) | Faulty O2 sensor, wiring issues |
| B1239 | A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor Circuit Malfunction | Faulty refrigerant pressure sensor, wiring issues, low refrigerant level |
| P0717 | Turbine/Input Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit No Signal | Faulty speed sensor, wiring issues, transmission problems |
The OBDII port is a standardized interface in most modern vehicles, including Hondas, and it allows diagnostic tools to access the car’s computer system. When the diagnostic scanner is plugged into the OBDII port, users can easily retrieve diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs).
8. Advanced Diagnostic Techniques for Honda Vehicles
For more complex diagnostic challenges, consider these advanced techniques:
- Using a Digital Multimeter (DMM): A DMM can be used to test the voltage, resistance, and continuity of circuits and components. This can help you identify wiring issues, faulty sensors, and other electrical problems.
- Performing a Compression Test: A compression test measures the compression in each cylinder of the engine. Low compression can indicate worn piston rings, damaged valves, or a blown head gasket.
- Conducting a Leak-Down Test: A leak-down test identifies the source of compression leaks by injecting compressed air into each cylinder and listening for leaks at the exhaust pipe, intake manifold, or coolant reservoir.
- Using an Oscilloscope: An oscilloscope displays electrical signals as waveforms, allowing you to analyze the performance of sensors, actuators, and other components. This can be particularly helpful for diagnosing intermittent problems.
- Consulting Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs): TSBs provide valuable information about known issues and recommended fixes for specific Honda models. Accessing TSBs can save you time and effort by pointing you in the right direction.
9. Maintaining Your Honda Car Diagnostic Software
To ensure your Honda car diagnostic software remains accurate and reliable, follow these maintenance tips:
- Keep the Software Updated: Regularly update the software to ensure compatibility with new models and access the latest diagnostic information.
- Protect Your Equipment: Store your diagnostic scanner and computer in a safe and dry place to prevent damage.
- Keep the OBDII Port Clean: Periodically clean the OBDII port to ensure a good connection between the scanner and the vehicle’s computer system.
- Back Up Your Data: Regularly back up your diagnostic data to prevent loss in case of computer failure.
- Learn New Techniques: Stay up-to-date on the latest diagnostic techniques and technologies by attending training courses or reading industry publications.
10. The Future of Honda Car Diagnostic Software
The future of Honda car diagnostic software is bright, with advancements in technology promising even more powerful and user-friendly tools. Here are some trends to watch for:
- Cloud-Based Diagnostics: Cloud-based diagnostic software will allow technicians to access diagnostic data and collaborate with experts remotely.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI-powered diagnostic tools will be able to analyze diagnostic data and provide more accurate and detailed diagnoses.
- Augmented Reality (AR): AR technology will overlay diagnostic information onto the real world, making it easier for technicians to visualize and diagnose problems.
- Integration with Telematics: Diagnostic software will increasingly integrate with vehicle telematics systems, allowing for remote monitoring of vehicle health and proactive maintenance.
- Improved User Interfaces: Future diagnostic software will feature even more intuitive and user-friendly interfaces, making it easier for both professionals and DIYers to diagnose and repair their vehicles.
11. Benefits of Using CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN for Your Diagnostic Needs
When it comes to finding the right Honda car diagnostic software and tools, CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN stands out as a reliable and informative resource. Here’s why:
- Extensive Product Information: CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN provides detailed specifications, comparisons, and reviews of various diagnostic software options, helping you make an informed decision.
- Expert Advice and Guidance: Our team of automotive experts is available to answer your questions and provide personalized recommendations based on your specific needs.
- Trusted Brands and Suppliers: We partner with reputable brands and suppliers to ensure that you have access to high-quality diagnostic tools and software.
- Up-to-Date Information: CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN is constantly updated with the latest diagnostic technologies and trends, keeping you ahead of the curve.
- Convenient Online Shopping: Our user-friendly website makes it easy to browse and purchase the diagnostic tools and software you need.
12. Addressing Common Misconceptions About Diagnostic Software
There are several misconceptions about diagnostic software that can deter people from using it. Let’s address some of the most common myths:
- Myth: Diagnostic software is too complicated for DIYers.
- Fact: While some diagnostic software is designed for professional technicians, many user-friendly options are available for DIYers. These tools often feature intuitive interfaces and step-by-step instructions.
- Myth: Diagnostic software is only useful for major repairs.
- Fact: Diagnostic software can be used for a wide range of tasks, from basic maintenance to complex repairs. It can help you identify minor issues before they turn into major problems, saving you time and money in the long run.
- Myth: All diagnostic software is the same.
- Fact: Diagnostic software varies widely in terms of features, coverage, and price. It’s important to research different options and choose the software that best meets your specific needs.
- Myth: Diagnostic software can fix problems automatically.
- Fact: Diagnostic software can identify problems, but it can’t fix them automatically. You’ll still need to perform the necessary repairs yourself or take your vehicle to a qualified mechanic.
- Myth: Diagnostic software is too expensive.
- Fact: While some diagnostic software can be expensive, many affordable options are available. A basic OBDII scanner can cost as little as $50, while more advanced software can be purchased for a few hundred dollars.
Diagnostic software allows technicians to monitor real-time data from sensors and modules, enabling them to assess performance and identify anomalies. This live data tracking is essential for accurate diagnoses and effective repairs.
13. Real-World Examples of Diagnostic Software in Action
To illustrate the power of Honda car diagnostic software, here are a few real-world examples of how it can be used to solve common automotive problems:
- Example 1: Diagnosing a Misfire
- A Honda Civic owner experiences a persistent misfire. Using diagnostic software, they retrieve a DTC indicating a misfire in cylinder #3. Further investigation reveals a faulty ignition coil, which is replaced, resolving the misfire.
- Example 2: Identifying a Vacuum Leak
- A Honda Accord owner notices poor fuel economy and a rough idle. Diagnostic software reveals a “System Too Lean” code. By monitoring real-time data, the technician identifies a vacuum leak in the intake manifold gasket, which is repaired, restoring fuel economy and smooth idling.
- Example 3: Diagnosing an ABS Issue
- A Honda CR-V owner experiences an ABS warning light. Diagnostic software reveals a faulty wheel speed sensor. The sensor is replaced, resolving the ABS issue and restoring proper braking function.
- Example 4: Reprogramming an ECU
- A Honda Odyssey owner receives a recall notice for an ECU software update. Using diagnostic software with module programming capabilities, the technician updates the ECU software to address the issue.
- Example 5: Diagnosing a Transmission Problem
- A Honda Pilot owner experiences erratic shifting. Diagnostic software reveals a transmission-related DTC. Further testing reveals a faulty transmission speed sensor, which is replaced, resolving the shifting issue.
14. Cost-Saving Benefits of Using Diagnostic Software
Investing in Honda car diagnostic software can save you money in the long run by:
- Preventing Costly Repairs: Identifying and addressing minor issues early on can prevent them from escalating into more expensive repairs.
- Avoiding Unnecessary Repairs: Diagnostic software can help you pinpoint the exact cause of a problem, preventing you from wasting money on unnecessary repairs.
- Performing DIY Repairs: With the help of diagnostic software, you can perform many repairs yourself, saving on labor costs.
- Negotiating Fair Prices: Armed with diagnostic information, you can negotiate fair prices with mechanics and avoid being overcharged.
- Improving Fuel Economy: Addressing issues that affect fuel economy, such as vacuum leaks or faulty sensors, can save you money at the pump.
15. Safety Precautions When Using Diagnostic Software
While using Honda car diagnostic software is generally safe, it’s important to take certain precautions to avoid injury or damage to your vehicle:
- Read the Instructions: Carefully read and follow the instructions that come with your diagnostic software and scanner.
- Work in a Safe Area: Park your vehicle in a well-ventilated area and ensure that the engine is cool before working on it.
- Disconnect the Battery: Disconnect the negative battery cable before performing any electrical repairs.
- Use Proper Tools: Use the correct tools for the job and avoid forcing anything.
- Wear Safety Gear: Wear safety glasses and gloves to protect yourself from injury.
- Don’t Clear Codes Without Fixing the Problem: Only clear DTCs after you’ve addressed the underlying issue that caused them.
- Be Careful When Working with Fuel: If you’re working with fuel, take extra precautions to avoid spills or ignition.
- Consult a Professional: If you’re not comfortable performing a particular repair, consult a qualified mechanic.
16. Expert Tips for Getting the Most Out of Your Diagnostic Software
Here are some expert tips for maximizing the benefits of your Honda car diagnostic software:
- Learn the Basics: Familiarize yourself with the basic functions of your software, such as reading and clearing DTCs, monitoring real-time data, and performing actuation tests.
- Use the Help Function: Most diagnostic software includes a help function that provides detailed information about each code and how to troubleshoot it.
- Consult Repair Manuals: Supplement your diagnostic software with repair manuals that provide step-by-step instructions for performing various repairs.
- Join Online Forums: Connect with other car enthusiasts and technicians in online forums to share tips and ask questions.
- Attend Training Courses: Consider attending training courses to learn advanced diagnostic techniques and get hands-on experience with diagnostic software.
- Keep a Log: Keep a log of the DTCs you’ve encountered and the repairs you’ve performed. This can help you identify patterns and troubleshoot future problems more efficiently.
- Regularly Calibrate Your Tools: If you’re using specialized tools such as a DMM or oscilloscope, be sure to calibrate them regularly to ensure accurate readings.
- Stay Up-to-Date: Keep abreast of the latest diagnostic technologies and techniques by reading industry publications and attending conferences.
17. The Importance of Regular Vehicle Maintenance
While diagnostic software can help you identify and address problems, it’s important to remember that regular vehicle maintenance is key to preventing issues in the first place. Here are some essential maintenance tasks:
- Change the Oil: Change the oil and filter according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
- Check Fluid Levels: Regularly check and top off fluid levels, including coolant, brake fluid, power steering fluid, and transmission fluid.
- Inspect Belts and Hoses: Inspect belts and hoses for cracks, wear, and leaks.
- Check Tire Pressure: Check tire pressure regularly and inflate tires to the recommended pressure.
- Rotate Tires: Rotate tires every 6,000 to 8,000 miles to ensure even wear.
- Replace Air Filters: Replace air filters regularly to ensure proper engine performance and fuel economy.
- Inspect Brakes: Inspect brakes regularly for wear and tear.
- Replace Spark Plugs: Replace spark plugs according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
- Perform Tune-Ups: Perform regular tune-ups to keep your engine running smoothly.
18. How CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN Supports Automotive Professionals
CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN is committed to supporting automotive professionals by providing:
- Access to High-Quality Diagnostic Tools: We offer a wide selection of high-quality diagnostic tools from trusted brands.
- Technical Support and Training: Our team of experts provides technical support and training to help you get the most out of your diagnostic equipment.
- Competitive Pricing: We offer competitive pricing on all of our products and services.
- Fast and Reliable Shipping: We offer fast and reliable shipping to get you the tools you need quickly.
- Dedicated Account Managers: We provide dedicated account managers to assist you with your specific needs.
19. Staying Informed About New Diagnostic Technologies
The world of automotive diagnostics is constantly evolving, so it’s important to stay informed about new technologies and trends. Here are some ways to stay up-to-date:
- Read Industry Publications: Subscribe to automotive industry publications to stay informed about new diagnostic technologies and techniques.
- Attend Conferences and Trade Shows: Attend automotive conferences and trade shows to see the latest diagnostic tools and equipment in action.
- Join Online Forums: Participate in online forums and discussions to connect with other professionals and share information.
- Follow Industry Experts on Social Media: Follow industry experts on social media to stay informed about new trends and developments.
- Take Online Courses: Take online courses to learn about new diagnostic technologies and techniques.
- Network with Other Professionals: Network with other automotive professionals to share information and learn from each other.
20. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Honda Car Diagnostic Software
Here are some frequently asked questions about Honda car diagnostic software:
- What is Honda car diagnostic software?
Honda car diagnostic software is a tool used to communicate with a Honda vehicle’s onboard computer system to read diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), monitor real-time data, and perform system tests. It allows technicians and car owners to diagnose and troubleshoot issues.
- Why do I need Honda car diagnostic software?
You need Honda car diagnostic software to accurately diagnose and troubleshoot problems with your Honda vehicle. It can help you identify issues early on, prevent costly repairs, and perform DIY repairs.
- What are the benefits of using diagnostic software?
The benefits of using diagnostic software include preventing costly repairs, avoiding unnecessary repairs, performing DIY repairs, negotiating fair prices, and improving fuel economy.
- How do I choose the right diagnostic software for my needs?
To choose the right diagnostic software, identify your needs, research different options, consider a trial version, factor in ongoing costs, and read the fine print.
- How do I use Honda car diagnostic software?
To use Honda car diagnostic software, connect the scanner, turn on the ignition, launch the software, select your vehicle, run a scan, interpret the results, clear the codes (optional), monitor real-time data, and perform actuation tests (if applicable).
- What are some common DTCs in Honda vehicles?
Some common DTCs in Honda vehicles include P0171 (System Too Lean), P0300 (Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire), P0420 (Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold), and P0401 (Insufficient EGR Flow).
- What are some advanced diagnostic techniques for Honda vehicles?
Some advanced diagnostic techniques for Honda vehicles include using a digital multimeter (DMM), performing a compression test, conducting a leak-down test, using an oscilloscope, and consulting Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs).
- How do I maintain my Honda car diagnostic software?
To maintain your Honda car diagnostic software, keep the software updated, protect your equipment, keep the OBDII port clean, back up your data, and learn new techniques.
- What is the future of Honda car diagnostic software?
The future of Honda car diagnostic software includes cloud-based diagnostics, artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), integration with telematics, and improved user interfaces.
- Where can I find reliable Honda car diagnostic software?
You can find reliable Honda car diagnostic software at CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN, which offers extensive product information, expert advice, trusted brands, up-to-date information, and convenient online shopping.
Using Honda car diagnostic software provides many benefits. It can help you keep your car running smoothly. From reading and clearing DTCs to monitoring real-time data, this software is a must-have for every car owner. For more information and assistance, reach out to CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN at 456 Elm Street, Dallas, TX 75201, United States, or contact us via WhatsApp at +1 (641) 206-8880. Visit our website, CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN, for all your diagnostic needs.
