Is Your Subaru Parking Brake Failing? Expert Guide & Solutions

Subaru Parking Brake issues can be frustrating, but understanding the system and common problems can help you diagnose and fix them. This comprehensive guide from CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN provides detailed information on Subaru parking brake systems, troubleshooting, and repair, ensuring your vehicle’s safety and reliability. Explore solutions for parking brake maintenance and repair.

1. What Is a Subaru Parking Brake and How Does It Work?

A Subaru parking brake, also known as an emergency brake, is a crucial safety feature designed to hold the vehicle stationary, especially on inclines. It operates independently from the regular braking system, providing a backup in case of hydraulic brake failure. Subaru vehicles typically use either a traditional cable-operated parking brake or an electronic parking brake (EPB) system. The primary function of the Subaru parking brake is to prevent unintended movement when the vehicle is parked. According to Subaru’s official documentation, the parking brake should always be engaged when parking on an incline or when the vehicle is left unattended.

1.1 Mechanical Cable-Operated Parking Brake

A mechanical cable-operated parking brake system in a Subaru consists of a lever or pedal inside the vehicle connected to steel cables that run to the rear wheels. When the lever or pedal is engaged, the cables tighten, applying the rear brake shoes or pads to hold the wheels in place. This system is simple and reliable, but it requires periodic adjustment to compensate for cable stretch and wear of the brake shoes or pads.

1.2 Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) System

An Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) system uses an electronic control unit (ECU) and electric motors to engage and disengage the parking brake. Instead of a lever or pedal, the driver operates a switch. When activated, the ECU signals the electric motors to apply the brakes. EPB systems offer convenience and can integrate with other vehicle systems, such as hill-hold assist. However, they are more complex and may require specialized diagnostic tools for maintenance and repair.

2. What Are the Key Components of a Subaru Parking Brake System?

The key components of a Subaru parking brake system vary depending on whether it is a cable-operated or electronic system. Understanding these components is essential for effective troubleshooting and repair.

2.1 Components of a Cable-Operated Parking Brake System

• Parking Brake Lever or Pedal: The manual control used by the driver to engage the parking brake.
• Cables: Steel cables that connect the lever or pedal to the rear brakes.
• Equalizer: A device that distributes tension evenly between the cables going to each rear wheel.
• Brake Shoes or Pads: Friction materials that press against the brake drums or rotors to hold the wheels.
• Return Springs: Springs that release the brake shoes or pads when the parking brake is disengaged.
• Adjusters: Mechanisms to adjust the cable tension and compensate for wear.

2.2 Components of an Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) System

• EPB Switch: An electrical switch used by the driver to activate the parking brake.
• Electronic Control Unit (ECU): The computer that controls the EPB system.
• Electric Motors: Motors located at the rear wheels that apply the brakes.
• Brake Calipers with Integrated Motors: Special calipers that combine hydraulic braking with electric motor-driven parking brake functionality.
• Wiring and Connectors: Electrical components that connect the various parts of the EPB system.
• Sensors: Provide feedback to the ECU about the brake status.

3. What Are the Common Symptoms of a Faulty Subaru Parking Brake?

Identifying the symptoms of a faulty Subaru parking brake is the first step in diagnosing the problem. These symptoms can range from obvious signs like a loose lever to more subtle indicators such as unusual noises.

3.1 Cable-Operated Parking Brake Symptoms

• Loose Parking Brake Lever or Pedal: The lever or pedal moves too far without engaging the brake.
• Parking Brake Not Holding the Vehicle: The vehicle rolls even when the parking brake is fully engaged.
• Difficulty Engaging or Disengaging the Parking Brake: The lever or pedal is hard to move.
• Parking Brake Light Stays On: The dashboard warning light remains illuminated even after disengaging the parking brake.
• Dragging Brakes: The rear brakes remain partially applied, causing a burning smell or reduced fuel economy.

3.2 Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) Symptoms

• EPB Fails to Engage or Disengage: The parking brake does not activate or release when the switch is used.
• EPB Warning Light On: The EPB warning light on the dashboard is illuminated.
• Error Messages on the Dashboard: The vehicle displays error messages related to the EPB system.
• Unusual Noises from the Rear Brakes: Grinding or clicking sounds when the EPB is activated.
• Parking Brake Releases Unexpectedly: The parking brake disengages without driver input.

According to a study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), faulty parking brakes can significantly increase the risk of vehicle rollaway, especially on sloped surfaces.

4. Why Is My Subaru Parking Brake Not Working Properly?

Several factors can cause a Subaru parking brake to malfunction. Understanding these common causes can help you narrow down the potential issues.

4.1 Common Causes for Cable-Operated Parking Brakes

• Stretched or Broken Cables: Over time, the parking brake cables can stretch, fray, or break, reducing their effectiveness.
• Corrosion and Rust: Corrosion can seize the cables or other components, preventing proper operation.
• Worn Brake Shoes or Pads: Worn friction materials reduce the braking force.
• Improper Adjustment: Incorrect cable tension can lead to poor parking brake performance.
• Seized or Sticking Calipers: Calipers that don’t move freely can prevent the parking brake from engaging properly.

4.2 Common Causes for Electronic Parking Brakes (EPB)

• Faulty EPB Actuators: The electric motors that apply the brakes can fail.
• Wiring Issues: Damaged or corroded wiring can disrupt the EPB system.
• ECU Malfunctions: Problems with the electronic control unit can cause the EPB to fail.
• Sensor Problems: Defective sensors can provide incorrect data to the ECU.
• Low Battery Voltage: Insufficient voltage can prevent the EPB from operating correctly.

5. How to Diagnose a Subaru Parking Brake Problem: Step-by-Step Guide

Diagnosing a Subaru parking brake problem requires a systematic approach. This step-by-step guide will help you identify the issue, whether it’s a cable-operated or electronic system.

5.1 Inspecting a Cable-Operated Parking Brake

1. Check the Parking Brake Lever or Pedal: Examine the lever or pedal for excessive play or looseness.
2. Inspect the Cables: Look for signs of corrosion, fraying, or breakage along the length of the cables.
3. Check the Rear Brakes: Remove the rear wheels and inspect the brake shoes or pads for wear.
4. Adjust the Cable Tension: Use the adjusters to tighten the cables and ensure proper engagement.
5. Test the Parking Brake: Engage the parking brake on a slight incline to see if it holds the vehicle securely.

5.2 Diagnosing an Electronic Parking Brake (EPB)

1. Check the EPB Warning Light: Note any error messages or warning lights on the dashboard.
2. Use a Diagnostic Scan Tool: Connect a scan tool to the vehicle’s OBD-II port to read error codes.
3. Inspect the Wiring and Connectors: Look for damaged or corroded wiring and connectors.
4. Test the EPB Actuators: Use the scan tool to activate the EPB motors and check for proper operation.
5. Check the Battery Voltage: Ensure the battery is fully charged and providing adequate voltage.

According to a report by AAA, using a diagnostic scan tool can help identify up to 80% of electronic system faults in modern vehicles.

6. What Tools Are Needed to Repair a Subaru Parking Brake?

Having the right tools is essential for repairing a Subaru parking brake. The tools needed will vary depending on the type of parking brake system and the specific repair.

6.1 Tools for Cable-Operated Parking Brake Repair

• Jack and Jack Stands: To safely lift and support the vehicle.
• Wheel Chocks: To prevent the vehicle from rolling.
• Wrench Set: For loosening and tightening bolts and nuts.
• Pliers: For gripping and manipulating cables and small parts.
• Screwdrivers: Both flathead and Phillips head.
• Brake Spring Tool: For removing and installing brake springs.
• Cable Lubricant: To lubricate the parking brake cables.
• Brake Cleaner: To clean brake components.
• Torque Wrench: To tighten fasteners to the correct torque specifications.

6.2 Tools for Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) Repair

• Jack and Jack Stands: To safely lift and support the vehicle.
• Wheel Chocks: To prevent the vehicle from rolling.
• Wrench Set: For loosening and tightening bolts and nuts.
• Pliers: For gripping and manipulating wires and connectors.
• Screwdrivers: Both flathead and Phillips head.
• Diagnostic Scan Tool: To read and clear error codes and test EPB components.
• Multimeter: To test electrical circuits and voltage.
• Wiring Diagram: To understand the EPB system’s wiring.
• EPB Actuator Reset Tool: To reset the EPB system after repairs.

7. How to Repair a Subaru Parking Brake: Step-by-Step Instructions

Repairing a Subaru parking brake can be a straightforward process if you follow these step-by-step instructions.

7.1 Repairing a Cable-Operated Parking Brake

1. Loosen the Parking Brake Cable: Use the adjuster to loosen the parking brake cable.
2. Remove the Rear Wheels: Safely lift the vehicle and remove the rear wheels.
3. Inspect the Brake Components: Check the brake shoes or pads, drums or rotors, and springs for wear or damage.
4. Replace Worn Parts: Replace any worn or damaged components.
5. Lubricate the Cables: Apply cable lubricant to the parking brake cables.
6. Adjust the Cable Tension: Tighten the adjuster until the parking brake engages properly.
7. Test the Parking Brake: Engage the parking brake on a slight incline to ensure it holds the vehicle securely.
8. Reinstall the Wheels: Reinstall the rear wheels and lower the vehicle.

7.2 Repairing an Electronic Parking Brake (EPB)

1. Diagnose the Problem: Use a diagnostic scan tool to identify the fault codes.
2. Disconnect the Battery: Disconnect the negative battery terminal to prevent electrical shorts.
3. Replace Faulty Components: Replace any faulty EPB actuators, sensors, or wiring.
4. Reconnect the Battery: Reconnect the negative battery terminal.
5. Clear the Error Codes: Use the scan tool to clear the error codes.
6. Reset the EPB System: Use the EPB actuator reset tool to reset the system.
7. Test the EPB: Engage and disengage the EPB to ensure it is functioning correctly.

According to ASE (Automotive Service Excellence), proper repair procedures and the use of quality parts are crucial for ensuring the reliability of parking brake systems.

8. How Much Does It Cost to Repair a Subaru Parking Brake?

The cost to repair a Subaru parking brake can vary depending on the type of repair needed and whether you choose to do it yourself or hire a professional mechanic.

8.1 Cost of Cable-Operated Parking Brake Repair

• Parts: Parking brake cables can cost between $30 and $80 each. Brake shoes or pads range from $20 to $50 per set.
• Labor: If you hire a mechanic, labor costs can range from $100 to $300, depending on the complexity of the repair.
• Total: The total cost for a cable-operated parking brake repair can range from $150 to $430.

8.2 Cost of Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) Repair

• Parts: EPB actuators can cost between $200 and $500 each. Sensors range from $50 to $150.
• Labor: Labor costs for EPB repairs can be higher, ranging from $200 to $500, due to the complexity of the system.
• Total: The total cost for an EPB repair can range from $450 to $1150.

CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN offers a wide range of high-quality Subaru parking brake components at competitive prices, helping you save money on your repair.

9. How to Maintain Your Subaru Parking Brake to Prevent Future Problems

Proper maintenance is essential for preventing future problems with your Subaru parking brake. Regular inspections and simple maintenance tasks can extend the life of your parking brake system.

9.1 Maintenance Tips for Cable-Operated Parking Brakes

• Regular Inspections: Inspect the parking brake cables and components for signs of wear or corrosion.
• Cable Lubrication: Lubricate the parking brake cables regularly to prevent seizing.
• Adjust Cable Tension: Adjust the cable tension as needed to ensure proper engagement.
• Use the Parking Brake Regularly: Using the parking brake regularly helps keep the cables and components moving freely.

9.2 Maintenance Tips for Electronic Parking Brakes (EPB)

• Regular Inspections: Check for any error messages or warning lights on the dashboard.
• Battery Maintenance: Ensure the battery is fully charged and in good condition.
• Software Updates: Keep the EPB system software up to date.
• Professional Servicing: Have the EPB system serviced by a qualified technician regularly.

According to a study by J.D. Power, vehicles with well-maintained braking systems tend to have higher resale values and lower overall maintenance costs.

10. What Are the Best Brands for Subaru Parking Brake Parts?

When replacing parts in your Subaru parking brake system, it’s essential to choose high-quality brands that offer reliability and durability. Here are some of the best brands for Subaru parking brake parts:

10.1 Top Brands for Cable-Operated Parking Brake Parts

• Raybestos: Known for their high-quality brake cables and shoes.
• Wagner: Offers a wide range of brake components, including cables, shoes, and drums.
• Dorman: Provides reliable and affordable parking brake cables and hardware.
• Centric: Known for their high-performance brake components.
• ACDelco: A trusted brand for automotive parts, including parking brake components.

10.2 Top Brands for Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) Parts

• ATE: A leading supplier of EPB systems and components.
• Bosch: Offers high-quality EPB actuators and sensors.
• TRW: Known for their innovative braking solutions, including EPB systems.
• Delphi: Provides reliable EPB actuators and control units.
• Brembo: Offers high-performance EPB systems for Subaru vehicles.

CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN offers a comprehensive selection of these top brands, ensuring you get the best quality parts for your Subaru parking brake repair.

11. Can I Upgrade My Subaru Parking Brake for Better Performance?

Upgrading your Subaru parking brake can improve its performance and reliability, especially if you frequently use the parking brake in demanding conditions.

11.1 Upgrading a Cable-Operated Parking Brake

• High-Performance Brake Cables: Upgrading to stainless steel or reinforced brake cables can improve strength and durability.
• Performance Brake Shoes or Pads: Using performance brake shoes or pads can increase the braking force.
• Adjustable Cable Equalizer: An adjustable cable equalizer allows you to fine-tune the cable tension for optimal performance.

11.2 Upgrading an Electronic Parking Brake (EPB)

• High-Performance EPB Actuators: Upgrading to high-performance EPB actuators can improve the speed and reliability of the system.
• Software Upgrades: Some manufacturers offer software upgrades that can improve the performance of the EPB system.
• Brake Caliper Upgrades: Upgrading to high-performance brake calipers with integrated EPB motors can improve overall braking performance.

According to a report by SEMA (Specialty Equipment Market Association), upgrading braking systems is a popular modification among automotive enthusiasts looking to improve performance and safety.

12. What Are the Safety Precautions When Working on a Subaru Parking Brake?

When working on a Subaru parking brake, it’s essential to follow safety precautions to prevent injuries. Here are some important safety tips:

• Use Jack Stands: Always use jack stands to support the vehicle when it is lifted.
• Wear Safety Glasses: Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris.
• Disconnect the Battery: Disconnect the negative battery terminal before working on electrical components.
• Use Wheel Chocks: Use wheel chocks to prevent the vehicle from rolling.
• Follow Torque Specifications: Tighten fasteners to the correct torque specifications.
• Work in a Well-Ventilated Area: Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid exposure to harmful fumes.
• Wear Gloves: Wear gloves to protect your hands from sharp edges and chemicals.

Following these safety precautions can help you avoid injuries and ensure a safe and successful repair.

13. How Does the Subaru Parking Brake Interact With Other Vehicle Systems?

The Subaru parking brake interacts with other vehicle systems to enhance safety and convenience. Understanding these interactions can provide a better understanding of the overall vehicle operation.

13.1 Cable-Operated Parking Brake Interactions

• Brake System: The parking brake uses the rear brake system to hold the vehicle.
• Dashboard Warning Light: The parking brake is connected to a dashboard warning light that illuminates when the parking brake is engaged.

13.2 Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) Interactions

• Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS): The EPB system can integrate with the ABS to provide enhanced stability and control.
• Hill-Hold Assist: The EPB system can work with hill-hold assist to prevent the vehicle from rolling backward on inclines.
• Electronic Stability Control (ESC): The EPB system can integrate with ESC to provide additional stability and control.
• Automatic Transmission: The EPB system can interact with the automatic transmission to prevent the vehicle from shifting into gear when the parking brake is engaged.
• Navigation System: Some advanced EPB systems can use the navigation system to automatically engage the parking brake when the vehicle is parked on an incline.

These interactions highlight the importance of maintaining the parking brake system to ensure the proper functioning of other vehicle systems.

14. What Are the Differences Between Subaru Parking Brakes on Different Models?

Subaru uses different types of parking brake systems on various models. Understanding these differences can help you choose the right parts and repair procedures for your specific vehicle.

14.1 Subaru Impreza

The Subaru Impreza typically uses a cable-operated parking brake system, but newer models may feature an EPB system. The cable-operated system is simple and reliable, while the EPB system offers added convenience.

14.2 Subaru Forester

The Subaru Forester also uses both cable-operated and EPB systems, depending on the model year and trim level. The EPB system is more common on higher trim levels.

14.3 Subaru Outback

The Subaru Outback commonly features an EPB system, especially on newer models. The EPB system integrates with other vehicle systems, such as hill-hold assist and electronic stability control.

14.4 Subaru Crosstrek

The Subaru Crosstrek uses both cable-operated and EPB systems, similar to the Impreza and Forester. The choice of system depends on the model year and trim level.

14.5 Subaru WRX/STI

The Subaru WRX and STI models may feature a performance-oriented cable-operated parking brake system or an EPB. The performance-oriented system is designed for enhanced braking performance.

15. How to Troubleshoot Common Subaru Parking Brake Error Codes

When diagnosing an EPB system, error codes can provide valuable information about the problem. Here are some common Subaru parking brake error codes and how to troubleshoot them:

15.1 C0071 – Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Malfunction

This code indicates a problem with the rear wheel speed sensor circuit. Check the wiring and connectors for damage and replace the sensor if necessary.

15.2 C0073 – Control Module Communication Bus Fault

This code indicates a problem with the communication between the control module and other vehicle systems. Check the wiring and connectors for damage and ensure the control module is properly functioning.

15.3 C1531 – Parking Brake Switch Circuit Failure

This code indicates a problem with the parking brake switch circuit. Check the switch and wiring for damage and replace the switch if necessary.

15.4 C1532 – Parking Brake Actuator Circuit Failure

This code indicates a problem with the parking brake actuator circuit. Check the actuator and wiring for damage and replace the actuator if necessary.

15.5 C1541 – Parking Brake System Malfunction

This code indicates a general malfunction with the parking brake system. Use a diagnostic scan tool to gather more information and troubleshoot the specific components.

According to a report by the Auto Care Association, understanding and addressing error codes is essential for effective vehicle diagnostics and repair.

16. What Are the Legal Requirements for Parking Brakes in Different States?

Legal requirements for parking brakes vary by state. It’s important to be aware of these requirements to ensure your vehicle complies with local laws.

16.1 General Requirements

Most states require all vehicles to have a functioning parking brake system that is capable of holding the vehicle on an incline. The parking brake must be independent of the regular braking system.

16.2 Inspection Requirements

Some states require parking brakes to be inspected as part of the annual vehicle inspection. If the parking brake fails the inspection, the vehicle may not be allowed to operate on public roads.

16.3 Specific State Regulations

• California: Requires all vehicles to have a functioning parking brake system that can hold the vehicle on a 20% grade.
• Texas: Requires all vehicles to have a parking brake system that is capable of holding the vehicle on a 10% grade.
• Florida: Requires all vehicles to have a parking brake system that is in good working order.
• New York: Requires all vehicles to have a parking brake system that is capable of holding the vehicle on a 5% grade.

Check your local state regulations to ensure your Subaru parking brake system meets the legal requirements.

17. How to Reset the Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) System on a Subaru

Resetting the Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) system on a Subaru is necessary after performing certain repairs or maintenance tasks. Here’s how to do it:

17.1 Using a Diagnostic Scan Tool

1. Connect the Scan Tool: Connect a diagnostic scan tool to the vehicle’s OBD-II port.
2. Select EPB Reset Function: Navigate to the EPB reset function in the scan tool menu.
3. Follow the Instructions: Follow the on-screen instructions to reset the EPB system. This may involve entering specific codes or performing certain actions.
4. Verify the Reset: Verify that the EPB system has been successfully reset by engaging and disengaging the parking brake.

17.2 Manual Reset (If Available)

Some Subaru models may allow for a manual reset of the EPB system. Consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual for specific instructions. This typically involves a sequence of actions using the EPB switch and ignition key.

17.3 After Resetting

After resetting the EPB system, it’s important to test the parking brake to ensure it is functioning correctly. Check for any error messages or warning lights on the dashboard.

18. What to Do if Your Subaru Parking Brake Fails During an Emergency

If your Subaru parking brake fails during an emergency, it’s important to know how to respond to prevent accidents.

18.1 Stay Calm

The first step is to stay calm and assess the situation. Panic can lead to mistakes.

18.2 Use the Regular Brakes

Apply the regular brakes firmly and steadily to slow the vehicle.

18.3 Shift to a Lower Gear

If you are driving a manual transmission vehicle, shift to a lower gear to increase engine braking. If you are driving an automatic transmission vehicle, shift to a lower gear or use the manual shift mode, if available.

18.4 Use the Emergency Brake Gradually

If the regular brakes are not sufficient, use the emergency brake gradually. Avoid applying the emergency brake suddenly, as this can cause the vehicle to skid.

18.5 Steer to a Safe Location

Steer the vehicle to a safe location, such as the side of the road or an open area.

18.6 Call for Assistance

Once the vehicle is stopped, call for assistance from a tow truck or roadside assistance service.

19. How to Find a Reliable Mechanic for Subaru Parking Brake Repair

Finding a reliable mechanic for Subaru parking brake repair is essential for ensuring the job is done correctly. Here are some tips:

19.1 Ask for Recommendations

Ask friends, family, or colleagues for recommendations.

19.2 Check Online Reviews

Check online reviews on websites such as Google, Yelp, and Angie’s List.

19.3 Look for ASE Certification

Look for mechanics who are certified by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE).

19.4 Get Multiple Estimates

Get estimates from multiple mechanics before choosing one.

19.5 Check for Warranty

Check if the mechanic offers a warranty on their work.

19.6 Ask About Experience

Ask the mechanic about their experience working on Subaru vehicles and parking brake systems.

20. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Subaru Parking Brakes

Here are some frequently asked questions about Subaru parking brakes:

20.1 Why Is My Parking Brake Light On?

The parking brake light may be on because the parking brake is engaged, the brake fluid is low, or there is a problem with the brake system.

20.2 How Often Should I Adjust My Parking Brake?

You should adjust your parking brake as needed, typically every 12 months or 12,000 miles.

20.3 Can I Drive With the Parking Brake On?

No, driving with the parking brake on can damage the brake system and reduce fuel economy.

20.4 What Is the Difference Between a Parking Brake and an Emergency Brake?

The terms parking brake and emergency brake are often used interchangeably, but the parking brake is primarily used to hold the vehicle when parked, while the emergency brake is used as a backup in case of regular brake failure.

20.5 How Do I Know If My Parking Brake Is Working Properly?

You can test your parking brake by engaging it on a slight incline to see if it holds the vehicle securely.

20.6 What Causes a Parking Brake to Fail?

A parking brake can fail due to worn cables, corrosion, worn brake shoes or pads, or a faulty EPB system.

20.7 Can I Replace the Parking Brake Cables Myself?

Yes, you can replace the parking brake cables yourself if you have the necessary tools and experience.

20.8 How Much Does It Cost to Replace Parking Brake Cables?

The cost to replace parking brake cables can range from $100 to $300, depending on the vehicle and labor costs.

20.9 What Is an EPB Actuator?

An EPB actuator is an electric motor that applies the parking brake in an electronic parking brake system.

20.10 How Do I Reset the EPB System?

You can reset the EPB system using a diagnostic scan tool or by following the manual reset procedure in your vehicle’s owner’s manual.

CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN is your go-to resource for all things Subaru parking brakes. Whether you need parts, tools, or expert advice, we’re here to help. Our extensive selection of high-quality products and knowledgeable staff ensure you have everything you need to keep your Subaru running smoothly and safely.

Is your Subaru’s parking brake giving you trouble? Don’t wait until it becomes a safety hazard. Contact us today at:

• Address: 456 Elm Street, Dallas, TX 75201, United States
• WhatsApp: +1 (641) 206-8880
• Website: CAR-TOOL.EDU.VN

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